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Operators
The operators +, -, *, /, and ^ are used to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation of floating point and integer numbers. Valid operands are numeric constants and/or numeric variables.
The operators %, \, &, |, and ~ are used to calculate modulo, integer division, bitwise and, bitwise or, and bitwise negation (not) of integer expressions. Floating point numbers will be converted to an integer value before calculation.
The = operator is used both for assignment to variables, and to test for equality. The + operator may be used to perform concatenation of any combination of string constants and string variables. The : operator can separate multiple statements on a single line. The # operator is a shortcut for the Rem statement, and is interchangeable with it.
| Arithmetic Operators | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | Name | Example | Comments |
| + | Addition | a + b | add two numeric values. If one or both values are strings the plus operator will concatenate the strings into a single string.2 |
| - | Subtraction | a - b | subtract two numeric values |
| * | Multiplication | a * b | |
| / | Division | a / b | Returns a decimal number of times that b goes into a. |
| \ | Integer Division | a \ b | Returns the number of whole times that b goes into a. |
| % | Modulo | a % b | Returns the remainder of the integer division of a and b. |
| ++ | Increment Prefix | ++a | Increment (add one) the the variable and return the value after the increment. (may be applied ONLY to numeric variables or array elements) 1 |
| ++ | Increment Suffix | a++ | Return the value of the variable and then increment the variable by one for the next time it is accessed. (may be applied ONLY to numeric variables or array elements) 1 |
| – | Decrement Prefix | –a | Decrement (subtract one) the the variable and return the value after the decrement. (may be applied ONLY to numeric variables or array elements) 1 |
| – | Decrrement Suffix | a– | Return the value of the variable and then decrement the variable by one for the next time it is accessed. (may be applied ONLY to numeric variables or array elements) 1 |
| Logical Operators | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | Name | Example | Comments |
| NOT | Logical Negation | NOT a | |
| AND | Logical Conjunction | a AND b | |
| OR | Logical Disjunction | a OR b | |
| XOR | Logical Exclusive Disjunction | a XOR b | |
| Bitwise Operators | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | Name | Example | Comments |
| ~ | Bitwide Negation | ~a | |
| & | Bitwise Conjunction | a & b | If one or both values are strings the ampersand operator will concatenate the strings into a single string.3 |
| | | Bitwise Disjunction | a | b | Returns the bits of integer a or integer b. |
Bitwise operators only work with long integer values (since 1.99.99.19) in the range of −2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647. Any attempt to use a number outside this range will produce, warnings, error, and/or unexpected results.
| String Operators | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | Name | Example | Comments |
| ; | Concatenation | a ; b | Always concatenates (converts numbers to strings)2 |
| + | Concatenation | a + b | Appends b to the end of a (If either (or both) a and b are not numbers, see IsNumeric). 2 |
| & | Concatenation | a & b | Appends b to the end of a (If either (or both) a and b are not numbers, see IsNumeric). 3 |
| Order of Operations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Level | Operators | Category/Description |
| 1 | ( ) | Grouping |
| 2 | ^ | Exponent |
| 3 | - ~ | Unary Minus and Bitwise Negation (NOT) |
| 4 | * / \ | Multiplication and Division |
| 5 | % | Integer Remainder (Mod) |
| 6 | + - | Addition/Concatenation, and Subtraction |
| 7 | & | | Bitwise And and Bitwise Or |
| 8 | < ⇐ > >= = <> | Comparison (Numeric and String) |
| 9 | NOT | Unary Not |
| 10 | AND | Logical And |
| 11 | OR | Logical Or |
| 12 | XOR | Logical Exclusive Or |
1 new with version 1.9.9.10
2 new or changed with version 1.9.9.30
3 new or changed with version 1.9.9.30
