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BASIC-256 Syntax Reference​

Statements and Functions - Alphabetic​

Abs​

Format​

abs ( Ausdruck )

Beschreibung​

Gibt den absoluten Wert von Ausdruck zurück.

Beispiel​

c = abs(a-b)

Acos​

Format​

acos ( expression )

Description​

Computes the arc-cosine of expression. Angles are expressed in radians (0 to 2pi).

See Also​

Asin, Atan, Cos, Degrees, Radians, Sin, Tan

Asc​

Format​

asc ( expression )

Description​

Converts the first character in a string expression to an integer representing it‘s ASCII value. ^Asc^Chr^Asc^Chr^Asc^Chr^Asc^Chr^Asc^Chr^Asc^Chr^ |32|SPACE|48|0|64|@|80|P|96|`|112|p| |33|!|49|1|65|A|81|Q|97|a|113|q| |34|“|50|2|66|B|82|R|98|b|114|r| |35|#|51|3|67|C|83|S|99|c|115|s| |36|$|52|4|68|D|84|T|100|d|116|t| |37|%|53|5|69|E|85|U|101|e|117|u| |38|&|54|6|70|F|86|V|102|f|118|v| |39|’|55|7|71|G|87|W|103|g|119|w|

40(56872H88X104h120x
41)57973I89Y105i121y
42*58:74J90Z106j122z
43+59;75K91[107k123{
44,60<76L92\108l124|
45-61=77M93]109m125}
46.62>78N94^110n126~
47/63?79O95_111o127

See Also​

Chr

Example​

print asc("A")
print asc("blue")

will print

65
98

New To Version​

0.9.4

Asin​

Format​

asin ( expression )

Description​

Computes the arc-sine of expression. Angles are expressed in radians (0 to 2pi).

See Also​

Acos, Atan, Cos, Degrees, Radians, Sin, Tan

Atan​

Format​

atan ( expression )

Description​

Computes the arc-tangent of expression. Angles are expressed in radians (0 to 2pi).

See Also​

Acos, Asin, Cos, Degrees, Radians, Sin, Tan

Ceil​

Format​

ceil ( Ausdruck )

Beschreibung​

Gibt die kleinste ganze Zahl zurück, die größer oder gleich Ausdruck ist.

Siehe auch​

Floor

Beispiel​

i = floor(-1.25)
rem i ist -1

Changedir​

Format​

changedir expression
changedir ( expression )

Description​

Change the current working directory to the path specified in expression. For all systems (including Windows) a forward slash (/) will be used to separate folders in a full path.

See Also​

Close, Currentdir, Eof, Open, Read, Readline, Reset, Write, Writeline, Exists, Seek, Size

New To Version​

0.9.6r

Chr​

Format​

chr ( expression )

Description​

Converts the integer expression into a single character string expression with the ASCII value of the number. See asc for a complete ASCII character conversion chart.

See Also​

Asc

Example​

print chr(66)+chr(111)+chr(111)+chr(33)

will print

Boo!

New To Version​

0.9.4

Circle​

Format​

circle x,y,r
circle ( x,y,r )

Beschreibung​

Zeichnet einen mit der aktuellen Farbe ausgefüllten Kreis mit Mittelpunkt x,y und Radius r.

Beispiel​

color yellow
circle 20,20,10

Clickb​

Format​

clickb
clickb ( )

Description​

Returns the buttons that the user last clicked on the mouse (if over the graphic output). Returns 0 if no click has been recorded. If multiple buttons have been pressed the value is the sum of the values for all pressed buttons.

Return Values
ValueMouse Button Pressed
0None
1Left
2Right
4Center

See Also​

Clickclear, Clickx, Clicky, Mouseb, Mousex, Mousey

Example​

# clear any prior mouse click
clickclear
# wait for the user to click the mouse
print "click mouse on the graphics output"
while clickb = 0
  pause .01
endwhile
# show where the user clicked
print "The user clicked at (" + clickx + "," + clicky + ")"

New To Version​

0.9.4d

Clickclear​

Format​

clickclear
clickclear ( )

Description​

Sets ClickB, Clickx, and Clicky to zero so that we can easily tell when the next mouse click is recorded.

See Also​

Clickb, Clickx, Clicky, Mouseb, Mousex, Mousey

Example​

See sample program on Clickb.

New To Version​

0.9.4d

Clickx​

Format​

clickx
clickx ( )

Description​

Returns the mouse x location of the mouse pointer over the graphic output last time the user clicked a mouse button.

See Also​

Clickclear, Clickb, Clicky, Mouseb, Mousex, Mousey

Example​

See sample program on Clickb.

New To Version​

0.9.4d

Clicky​

Format​

clicky
clicky ( )

Description​

Returns the mouse y location of the mouse pointer over the graphic output last time the user clicked a mouse button.

See Also​

Clickclear, Clickb, Clickx, Mouseb, Mousex, Mousey

Example​

See sample program on Clickb.

New To Version​

0.9.4d

Clg​

Format​

clg

Beschreibung​

Löscht den Inhalt des Grafikfensters.

Close​

Format​

close
close filenumber
close ( filenumber )

Beschreibung​

Schließt die aktuell geöffnete Datei. Wenn gerade keine Datei offen ist, hat der Befehl keine Wirkung.

Siehe auch​

Open, Read, Write, Reset

Cls​

Format​

cls

Beschreibung​

Löscht den Inhalt des Textfensters.

Color​

Format​

color Farbname
color ( Farbname )
color r, g, b
color ( r, g, b )
color rgb
color ( rgb )

Beschreibung​

Setzt die aktuelle Farbe auf Farbname.

Beispiel​

color blue

Cos​

Format​

cos ( Ausdruck )

Beschreibung​

Berechnet den Kosinus von Ausdruck. Ausdruck muss ein Bogenmaß sein.

Note​

Die cos-Funktion liefert kein besonders genaues Ergebnis.

Siehe auch​

Sin, Tan

Beispiel​

c = cos( 2*PI*deg/360)

Currentdir​

Format​

currentdir
currentdir ( )

Description​

Returns the fully qualified path name to BASIC-256’s current directory. For all systems (including Windows) a forward slash (/) will be used to separate folders in a full path.

See Also​

Changedir, Close, Eof, Open, Read, Readline, Reset, Write, Writeline, Exists, Seek, Size

New To Version​

0.9.6r

Day​

Format​

day
day ( )

Description​

Returns the current system clock’s day of the month (1-31).

See Also​

Hour, Minute, Month, Second, Year

Example​

print "today's date is ";
print (month + 1) + "/" + day + "/" + year

will print|

today's date is 11/30/2009

New To Version​

0.9.4

DBClose​

Format​

dbclose
dbclose ( )

Description​

Close the currently open SQLite database file.

Example​

See example of usage on DBOpen page.

See Also​

DBCloseSet, DBExecute, DBFloat, DBInt, DBOpen, DBOpenSet, DBRow, DBString

More information about databases in general and SQLite specifically can be found at SQLite Home Page and SQL at Wikipedia.

New To Version​

0.9.6y

DBCloseSet​

Format​

dbcloseset
dbcloseset ( )

Description​

Close the currently open record set opened by DBOpenSet.

Example​

See example of usage on DBOpen page.

See Also​

DBClose, DBExecute, DBFloat, DBInt, DBOpen, DBOpenSet, DBRow, DBString

More information about databases in general and SQLite specifically can be found at SQLite Home Page and SQL at Wikipedia.

New To Version​

0.9.6y

DBExecute​

Format​

dbexecute SqlStatement
dbexecute ( SqlStatement )

Description​

Execute an SQL statement on the open SQLite database file. This statement does not create a record set.

Example​

See example of usage on DBOpen page.

See Also​

DBClose, DBCloseSet, DBFloat, DBInt, DBOpen, DBOpenSet, DBRow, DBString

More information about databases in general and SQLite specifically can be found at SQLite Home Page and SQL at Wikipedia.

New To Version​

0.9.6y

DBFloat​

Format​

dbfloat ( ColumnNumber )

Description​

Return a floating point (decimal value) from the specified column of the current row of the open recordset.

Example​

See example of usage on DBOpen page.

See Also​

DBClose, DBCloseSet, DBExecute, DBInt, DBOpen, DBOpenSet, DBRow, DBString

More information about databases in general and SQLite specifically can be found at SQLite Home Page and SQL at Wikipedia.

New To Version​

0.9.6y

DBInt​

Format​

dbint ( ColumnNumber )

Description​

Return an integer value from the specified column of the current row of the open recordset.

Example​

See example of usage on DBOpen page.

See Also​

DBClose, DBCloseSet, DBExecute, DBFloat, DBOpen, DBOpenSet, DBRow, DBString

More information about databases in general and SQLite specifically can be found at SQLite Home Page and SQL at Wikipedia.

New To Version​

0.9.6y

DBOpen​

Format​

dbopen SQLiteFile
dbopen ( SQLiteFile )

Description​

Open an SQLite database file. If the file does not exist then create it.

Example​

#database foo - create a database, populate a table, open a recordset and read data from table.

# create a new database file or open it
dbopen "dbtest.sqlite3"

# delete old foo table - trap error if new database
onerror errortrap
dbexecute "drop table foo;"
offerror
# create and populate
dbexecute "create table foo (id integer, words text, value decimal);"
dbexecute "insert into foo values (1,'one',3.14);"
dbexecute "insert into foo values (2,'two',6.28);"
dbexecute "insert into foo values (3,'three',9.43);"

# open a recordset and loop through the rows of data
dbopenset "select * from foo order by words;"
while dbrow()
    print dbint(0) + dbstring(1) + dbfloat(2)
end while
dbcloseset

# wrap everything up
dbclose
end

errortrap:
# accept error - display nothing - return to next statement
return

will display

1one3.14
3three9.43
2two6.28

See Also​

DBClose, DBCloseSet, DBExecute, DBFloat, DBInt, DBOpenSet, DBRow, DBString

More information about databases in general and SQLite specifically can be found at SQLite Home Page and SQL at Wikipedia.

New To Version​

0.9.6y

DBClose​

Format​

dbopenset SqlStatement
dbopenset ( SqlStatement )

Description​

Perform an SQL statement and create a record set so that the program may loop through and use the results.

Example​

See example of usage on DBOpen page.

See Also​

DBClose, DBCloseSet, DBExecute, DBFloat, DBInt, DBOpen, DBRow, DBString

More information about databases in general and SQLite specifically can be found at SQLite Home Page and SQL at Wikipedia.

New To Version​

0.9.6y

DBRow​

Format​

dbrow
dbrow ( )

Description​

Function that advances the record set to the next row. Returns a true value if there is a row or false if we are at the end of the record set.

Example​

See example of usage on DBOpen page.

See Also​

DBClose, DBCloseSet, DBExecute, DBFloat, DBInt, DBOpen, DBOpenSet, DBString

More information about databases in general and SQLite specifically can be found at SQLite Home Page and SQL at Wikipedia.

New To Version​

0.9.6y

DBString​

Format​

dbstring ( ColumnNumber )

Description​

Return a string from the specified column of the current row of the open recordset.

Example​

See example of usage on DBOpen page.

See Also​

DBClose, DBCloseSet, DBExecute, DBFloat, DBInt, DBOpen, DBOpenSet, DBRow

More information about databases in general and SQLite specifically can be found at SQLite Home Page and SQL at Wikipedia.

New To Version​

0.9.6y

Degrees​

Format​

degrees ( expression )

Description​

radians.png Converts an angle in radians to degrees.\

See Also​

Acos, Asin, Atan, Cos, Radians, Sin, Tan

Dim​

Format​

dim numericvariable( AnzahlElemente )
dim stringvariable$( AnzahlElemente )
dim numericvariable( rows , columns )
dim stringvariable$( rows , columns )==== Beschreibung ==== Liefert ein neu erzeugtes Feld der Länge AnzahlElemente zurück. Der Typ des erzeugten Feldes (Zeichenkettenfeld oder numerisches Feld) wird durch den Typ von Variable bestimmt.

Note​

Auf Elemente des Feldes wird via Variable[Index] zugegriffen. Index läuft von 0 bis (AnzahlElemente - 1)

Beispiel​

dim f(100)
f[0] = 1
dim c$(5)
c$[4] = "Hi!"

Do / Until​

Format​

do
statement(s)
until booleanexpression

Description​

Execute the statement(s) inside the do loop whil the booleanexpression evaluates to false. Do / Until executes the statements one or more times. The test is done after each time the code in the loop is executed.

See Also​

For / Next, While / End While

Example​

t = 1
do
  print t
  t = t + 1
until t > 5

will print

1
2
3
4
5

New To Version​

0.9.4g

End​

Format​

end

Beschreibung​

Beendet die Ausführung des Programmes.

Eof​

Format​

eof
eof()
eof(filenumber)

Description​

Returns a binary flag (true/false) that will signal if we have read to the End Of File (EOF). If file number is not specified then file number zero (0) will be used.

See Also​

Close, Exists, Open, Read, Readline, Reset, Seek, Size, Write, Writeline

New To Version​

0.9.4

Exists​

Format​

exists ( expression )

Description​

Returns a binary flag (true/false) that will signal if the file path specified by the expression exists.

See Also​

Close, Eof, Open, Read, Readline, Reset, Seek, Size, Write, Writeline

New To Version​

0.9.4

FastGraphics​

Format​

fastgraphics

Beschreibung​

Schaltet in den FastGraphics-Modus, bis das Programm beendet wird. Der FastGraphics-Modus bedeutet, dass der Inhalt des Grafikfensters erst beim nächsten REFRESH-Befehl aktualisiert wird. Dadurch können komplexe Animationen deutlich beschleunigt und Flimmern vermieden werden.

Note​

Bei Animationen wird empfohlen, alle Grafikbefehle in Unterprogramme auszulagern und einen einziges REFRESH-Befehl zu benutzen, sobald das Einzelbild fertig ist.

Float​

Format​

float ( expression )

Description​

Convert expression to a floating point (decimal) number. Float will convert a string or an integer to a decimal value. If the expression can not be converted then a zero will be returned.

See Also​

Int

New To Version​

0.9.4

Floor​

Format​

floor ( Ausdruck )

Beschreibung​

Gibt die größte ganze Zahl zurück, die kleiner oder gleich Ausdruck ist.

Siehe auch​

Ceil

Beispiel​

’ ’ i = floor(-1.25) rem i ist -2’ ’

Font​

Format​

font fontname, point, weight

Description​

Sets the font used by the text command to fontname. Size is defined in points (1/72“) Weight represents a number from 1 to 100 that defines how dark the letters will be drawn. Light=25, Normal=50, and Bold=75.

Example​

color grey
rect 0,0,graphwidth,graphheight
color red
font "Times New Roman",18,50
text 10,100,"This is Times New Roman"
color darkgreen
font "Tahoma",28,100
text 10,200,"This is BOLD!"

Will draw.
fonttext.png

See Also​

Text

New To Version​

0.9.4

For/Next​

Format​

for Variable = Ausdruck1 to Ausdruck2 [ step Ausdruck3 ] <br>…<br> next Variable

Beschreibung​

Die Befehle FOR und NEXT werden zusammen benutzt, um einen Befehl oder eine Gruppe von Befehlen eine bestimmte Anzahl mal hintereinander auszuführen. Beim Betreten der FOR-Schleife wird Variable auf das Ergebnis von Ausdruck1 gesetzt.
Nach jedem NEXT Kommando wird Variable entweder um 1 erhöht (Standard), oder, bei Benutzung des optionalen STEP Befehls, um den Wert von Ausdruck3 erhöht. Für Werte von STEP größer null wird die Schleife so oft durchlaufen, bis Variable größer oder gleich Ausdruck2 ist. Bei negativen STEP-Werten ist die Abbruchbedingung erreicht, wenn Variable kleiner oder gleich Ausdruck2 ist

Beispiel​

’ ’ for i = 1 to 10<br> print i<br>next i’ ’

GetColor​

Format​

getcolor
getcolor()

Description​

Returns the RGB value of the current drawing color (last set by color statement). RGB is calculated by taking ((red * 256) + green * 256) + blue where red, green, and blue are between 0 and 255. If the drawing color has been set to CLEAR a -1 will be returned.

See Also​

Color, Rgb

Example​

color red
print getcolor

will print

16711680

New To Version​

0.9.5m

GetSlice​

Format​

getslice(x, y, width, height)

Description​

Return a string that contains a Hexadecimal representation of the rectangle defined by the parameters. String is formatted as first 4 bytes - width, next 4 bytes - height, 6 bytes for each pixel (width * height).

See Also​

PutSlice

New To Version​

0.9.6b

Goto​

Format​

goto Sprungmarke

Beschreibung​

Springt zu Sprungmarke.

Note​

Eine Sprungmarke wird mit Bezeichner>: erzeugt, z.B. nochmal:. Basic-Befehle sind als Bezeichner nicht zulässig.

Beispiel​

’ ’ goto nochmal’ ’

Gosub / Return​

Format​

gosub Spungmarke <br>…<br>return

Beschreibung​

Springt zu Sprungmarke Marke. Beim nächsten auf Marke folgenden RETURN-Befehl wird die Programmausführung in der unmittelbar auf das GOSUB folgenden Zeile fortgesetzt. GOSUB-Befehle können geschachtelt werden.

Graphheight​

Format​

graphheight
graphheight()

Description​

Returns the height (y dimension) of the current graphics display window.

See Also​

Graphsize, Graphwidth

New To Version​

0.9.3

Graphsize​

Format​

graphsize x_expression, y_expression

Description​

Changes the size of the graphics display window and redraws the BASIC256 application.

See Also​

Graphheight, Graphwidth

New To Version​

0.9.3

Graphwidth​

Format​

graphwidth
graphwidth()

Description​

Returns the width (x dimension) of the current graphics display window.

See Also​

Graphheight, Graphsize

New To Version​

0.9.3

Hour​

Format​

hour
hour()

Description​

Returns the current system clock’s hour of the day (0-23).

Example​

# display nice date
dim months$(12)
months$ = {"January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"}
print year + "-" + months$[month] + "-" + right("0" + day, 2)
# display pretty time
h = hour
if h > 12 then
h = h - 12
ampm$ = "PM"
else
ampm$ = "AM"
end if
if h = 0 then h = 12
print  right("0" + h, 2) + "-" + right("0" + minute, 2) + "-" + right("0" + second, 2) + " " + ampm$

Will print something like.\

2010-July-15
10-00-02 PM

See Also​

Day, Hour, Minute, Month, Second, Year

New To Version​

0.9.4

Instr​

Format​

instr Zeichenkette1, Zeichenkette2

Beschreibung​

Prüft, ob Zeichenkette2 in Zeichenkette1 enthalten ist. Wenn ja, wird der Index des Anfangszeichens des ersten Vorkommens von Zeichenkette2 zurückgeliefert. Anderenfalls gibt der Befehl 0 zurück.

Note​

Alle Indexe/Positionen innerhalb von Zeichenketten beginnen mit 1.

Beispiel​

’ ’ Die Zeile

print instr("Hallo", "lo")

gibt

4

im Textfenster aus.’ ’

Int​

Format​

int ( Ausdruck )

int ( Zeichenkettenausdruck )

Beschreibung​

Umwandlung in eine ganze Zahl (Integer). Int() schneidet die Dezimalstellen einer Fließkommazahl ab oder wandelt eine Zeichenkette (String) in eine ganze Zahl um.

Beispiel​

c$ = "12a" : i = int(c$)

print c$
print i

Ausgabe​

12a
12

If / Then​

Format​

if LogischerAusdruck then Befehl

Beschreibung​

Wertet Log. Ausdruck aus. Wenn der Ausdruck wahr ist (true), dann wird Befehl ausgeführt. Wenn er falsch (false) ist, wird Befehl ignoriert und die Programmauführung bei der nächsten Zeile fortgesetzt.

Note​

Vergleichsoperatoren sind =,<>,<,>,<=,>=. Logische Verknüpfungen sind mittels AND und OR möglich.

Beispiel​

’ ’ if a <> b then goto ende’ ’

Imgload​

Format​

imgload x, y, filename
imgload x, y, scale, filename
imgload x, y, scale, rotation, filename\

Description​

Load an image or picture from a file and paint it on the Graphics Output Window.
The parameters x and y represent the location on the screen for the CENTER of the loaded image. This behaviour is different than all of the other graphics statements. The axis of rotation will also be this CENTER point.\The Imgload starement will read in most common image file formats including: BMP (Windows Bitmap), GIF (Graphic Interchange Format),JPG/JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group), and PNG (Portable Network Graphics).
Optionally scales size of the loaded image by the defined scale (1=normal size). Also optionally rotates the image by a specified angle around the images center (clockwise in radians).

New To Version​

0.9.6l## Input

Format​

input Zeichenkette, Stringvariable

Beschreibung​

Gibt Zeichenkette aus und erwartet eine Texteingabe im Textfenster. Die Eingabe muß mit der Eingabe-Taste abgeschlossen werden. Die eingelesene Zeile wird in Variable Stringvariable gespeichert.

Beispiel​

’ ’ input “Bitte gib Deinen Namen ein: ”, name$’ ’

Key​

Format​

key

Beschreibung​

Liefert sofort den zur gerade gedrückten Taste gehörenden ganzzahligen Wert zurück. Wenn keine Taste gedrückt ist, wird der Wert 0 zurückgeliefert

Note​

Dieses Programmstück \

if key = 47 then print key

tut nicht das gewünschte, denn der KEY-Befehl wird 2 Mal hintereinander aufgerufen, liefert im allgemeinen also 2 verschiedene Werte zurück. Richtig müßte der Quelltext so aussehen: \

a = key
if a = 47 then print a

LastError​

Format​

lasterror
lasterror ( )

Description​

Returns the last runtime error number.

Example​

See example of usage on Error Codes page.

See Also​

Error Codes, Lasterrorextra, Lasterrorline, Lasterrormessage, Offerror, Onerror

New To Version​

0.9.6z

LastErrorExtra​

Format​

lasterrorextra
lasterrorextra ( )

Description​

Returns statement specific “extra” information about the error.

Example​

See example of usage on Error Codes page.

See Also​

Error Codes, Lasterror, Lasterrorline, Lasterrormessage, Offerror, Onerror

New To Version​

0.9.6z

LastErrorLine​

Format​

lasterrorline
lasterrorline ( )

Description​

Returns the line number in the program where the runtime error happened.

Example​

See example of usage on Error Codes page.

See Also​

Error Codes, Lasterror, Lasterrorextra, Lasterrormessage, Offerror, Onerror

New To Version​

0.9.6z

LastErrorMessage​

Format​

lasterrormessage
lasterrormessage ( )

Description​

Returns a string representing the last runtime error.

Example​

See example of usage on Error Codes page.

See Also​

Error Codes, Lasterror, Lasterrorextra, Lasterrorline, Offerror, Onerror

New To Version​

0.9.6z

Left​

Format​

left( string, length)

Description​

Returns a portion of the specified string, starting from the first character on the left and continuing for length characters.

See Also​

Mid, Right

Example​

print left("Hello", 2)

will display

He

New To Version​

0.9.5b

Length​

Format​

length ( Zeichenkette )

Beschreibung​

Liefert die Anzahl von Zeichen in Zeichenkette zurück.

Beispiel​

’ ’ i = length( “Hallo” ) rem i ist 5’ ’

Line​

Format​

line x0, y0, x1, y1

Beschreibung​

Zeichnet eine Linie von Punkt x0,y0 zu Punkt x1, y1.

Beispiel​

’ ’ line 0,0,299,299’ ’

Log​

Format​

log ( expression )

Description​

Return the base e lograthim of expression.

See Also​

Log10

New To Version​

0.9.5w

Log10​

Format​

log10 ( expression )

Description​

Return the base 10 lograthim of expression.

See Also​

Log

New To Version​

0.9.5w

Lower​

Format​

lower( string)

Beschreibung​

Wandelt die Buchstaben eines string in Kleinbuchstaben um.

Siehe auch​

Upper

print lower("BlaU!")

Ausgabe

blau!

Neu ab Version​

0.9.5e

Mid​

Format​

mid ( Zeichenkette, Startindex, Länge )

Beschreibung​

Gibt ein Länge Zeichen langes Teilstück der Zeichenkette zurück, startend beiStartindex.

Beispiel​

’ ’ Die Zeile

print mid("Hello", 2, 3)

gibt im Textfenster

ell

aus.’ ’

Minute​

Format​

minute
minute()

Description​

Returns the current system clock’s minute of the hour (0-59).

Example​

# display nice date
dim months$(12)
months$ = {"January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"}
print year + "-" + months$[month] + "-" + right("0" + day, 2)
# display pretty time
h = hour
if h > 12 then
h = h - 12
ampm$ = "PM"
else
ampm$ = "AM"
end if
if h = 0 then h = 12
print  right("0" + h, 2) + "-" + right("0" + minute, 2) + "-" + right("0" + second, 2) + " " + ampm$

Will print something like.\

2010-July-15
10-00-02 PM

See Also​

Day, Hour, Month, Second, Year

New To Version​

0.9.4

Month​

Format​

month
month()

Description​

Returns the current system clock’s month. January is 0, February is 1… December is 11.

See Also​

Day, Hour, Minute, Second, Year

Example​

cls
dim n$(12)
n$ = {"Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"}
print day + "-" + n$[month] + "-" + year

on New Years will display

1-Jan-2010

New To Version​

0.9.4

Mouseb​

Format​

mouseb
mouseb()

Description​

Returns the buttons that currently pressed on the mouse (if over the graphic output). Returns 0 if no click has been recorded. If multiple buttons have been pressed the value is the sum of the values for all pressed buttons.

Return Values
ValueMouse Button Pressed
0None
1Left
2Right
4Center

See Also​

Clickb, Clickclear, Clickx, Clicky, Mousex, Mousey

New To Version​

0.9.4d

Mousex​

Format​

mousex
mousex()

Description​

Returns the current or last mouse x location of the mouse pointer over the graphic output.

See Also​

Clickb, Clickclear, Clickx, Clicky, Mouseb, Mousey

New To Version​

0.9.4d

Mousey​

Format​

mousey
mousey()

Description​

Returns the current or last mouse y location of the mouse pointer over the graphic output.

See Also​

Clickb, Clickclear, Clickx, Clicky, Mouseb, Mousex

New To Version​

0.9.4d

NetClose​

Format​

netclose
netclose ( )
netclose socket_number
netclose ( socket_number )

Description​

Close the specified network connection (socket). If socket_number is not specified socket number zero (0) will be used.

Example​

See example of usage on NetConnect page.

See Also​

NetConnect, NetData, NetListen, NetRead, NetWrite

New To Version​

0.9.6.31

NetConnect​

Format​

netconnect server_name, port_number
netconnect ( server_name, port_number )
netconnect socket_number, server_name, port_number
netconnect ( socket_number, server_name, port_number )

Description​

Open a network connection (client) to a server. The IP address or host name of a server are specified in the server_name argument, and the specific network port number in the port_number argument. If socket_number is not specified socket number zero (0) will be used.

Example​

Open two instances of BASIC-256 on a single computer. Paste the “server” code into one and the “client” code into the other. Run the server first and the client second. You can see how the messages are sent back and forth between the two different processes.

Server Code​

# get a message and send back success
print "wait for connection"
netlisten 9997
print "got connection"
do
   while not netdata
      pause .1
      print ".";
   end while
   n$ = netread
   print n$
   netwrite "I got '" + n$ + "'."
until n$ = "end"
netclose

will display

wait for connection
got connection
.1 Hi There
....2 Hi There
........3 Hi There
..........4 Hi There
.....5 Hi There
.......6 Hi There
....7 Hi There
..........8 Hi There
....9 Hi There
.....10 Hi There
.end

Client Code​

# have the user enter a message and send it to the server
input "enter message?", m$
netconnect "127.0.0.1", 9997
for t = 1 to 10
   pause rand
   netwrite t + " " + m$
   print netread
next t
netwrite "end"
print netread
netclose

will display

enter message?Hi There
I got '1 Hi There'.
I got '2 Hi There'.
I got '3 Hi There'.
I got '4 Hi There'.
I got '5 Hi There'.
I got '6 Hi There'.
I got '7 Hi There'.
I got '8 Hi There'.
I got '9 Hi There'.
I got '10 Hi There'.
I got 'end'.

See Also​

NetClose, NetData, NetListen, NetRead, NetWrite

New To Version​

0.9.6.31

NetData​

Format​

netdata
netdata ( )
netdata socket_number
netdata ( socket_number )

Description​

Returns a true value (1) of there is data waiting to be read in using the NetRead function, else returns false (0). If socket_number is not specified socket number zero (0) will be used.

Example​

See example of usage on NetConnect page.

See Also​

NetClose, NetConnect, NetListen, NetRead, NetWrite

New To Version​

0.9.6.31

NetListen​

Format​

netlisten port_number
netlisten ( port_number)
netlisten socket_number, port_number
netlisten ( socket_number, port_number)

Description​

Open up a network connection (server) on a specific port address and wait for another program to connect. If socket_number is not specified socket number zero (0) will be used.

Example​

See example of usage on NetConnect page.

See Also​

NetClose, NetConnect, NetData, NetRead, NetWrite

New To Version​

0.9.6.31

NetRead​

Format​

netread
netread ( )
netread ( socket_number )

Description​

Read data from the specified network connection and return it as a string. This function will wait until data is received. If socket_number is not specified socket number zero (0) will be used.

Example​

See example of usage on NetConnect page.

See Also​

NetClose, NetConnect, NetData, NetListen, NetWrite

New To Version​

0.9.6.31

NetWrite​

Format​

netwrite string
netwrite ( string )
netwrite socket_number, string
netwrite ( socket_number, string )

Description​

Send a string to the specified open network connection. If socket_number is not specified socket number zero (0) will be used.

Example​

See example of usage on NetConnect page.

See Also​

NetClose, NetConnect, NetData, NetListen, NetRead

New To Version​

0.9.6.31

Open​

Format​

open Dateiname

Beschreibung​

Öffnet eine Datei zum Lesen und Schreiben. Der Dateiname muß als Zeichenkette angegeben werden

          und kann eine absolute oder relative Pfadangabe enthalten.

Note​

Zu einem gegebenen Zeitpunkt kann nur eine Datei geöffnet sein. Wenn eine neue Datei geöffnet wird, während eine andere Datei bereits offen ist, wird diese andere Datei geschlossen.

Siehe auch​

Close, Read, Write, Reset

OffError​

Format​

offerror

Description​

Turns off error trapping and restores the default error behavior.

Example​

See example of usage on Error Codes page.

See Also​

Error Codes, Lasterror, Lasterrorextra, Lasterrorline, Lasterrormessage, Onerror

New To Version​

0.9.6z

OnError​

Format​

onerror label

Description​

Causes the subroutine at label to be executed when an runtime error occurs. Program control may be resumed at the next statement with a Return statement in the subroutine.

Example​

See example of usage on Error Codes page.

See Also​

Error Codes, Lasterror, Lasterrorextra, Lasterrorline, Lasterrormessage, Offerror

New To Version​

0.9.6z

Pause​

Format​

pause Sekunden

Beschreibung​

Hält die Programmausführung für die angegebene Anzahl Sekunden an. Der Sekunden-Wert kann eine Fließkommazahl sein, damit sind auch Pausen kleiner als eine Sekunde möglich.

Beispiel​

’ ’ pause 0.1’ ’

Pixel​

Format​

pixel (x, y )

Description​

Returns the RGB value of the pixel at the x and y coordinate. If the pixels has not been set since the last Clg command or was drawn with the color CLEAR a -1 will be returned.

See Also​

Rgb

New To Version​

0.9.5m

Plot​

Format​

plot x, y

Beschreibung​

Gibt dem Pixel an der Koordinatenposition x,y im Grafikfenster die aktuelle Farbe.

Beispiel​

’ ’ plot 10,10’ ’

Poly​

Format​

poly Feld

Beschreibung​

Zeichnet ein Polygon. Die Seiten des Polygons werden durch die Werte im Feld bestimmt, welche immer abwechselnd x-Werte und y-Werte sein sollten.

Beispiel​

’ ’ dim a(6)<br> …<br>poly a’ ’

Print​

Format​

print Ausdruck [ ; ]

Beschreibung​

Gibt einen Text im Textfenster aus, gefolgt von einem Zeilenumbruch. Wenn das optionale Semikolon am Ende vorhanden ist, erfolgt kein Zeilenumbruch.

Beispiel​

’ ’ print “Hallo ”; : print“Du !”’ ’

PutSlice​

Format​

putslice x, y, slice$
putslice x, y, slice$, transparent color

Description​

Put the graphics stored in the slice string on the screen at x,y. If a transparent color is specified then do not plot points of that color in the slice.

See Also​

GetSlice

New To Version​

0.9.6b

Radians​

Format​

radians ( expression )

Description​

radians.png Converts an angle in degrees to radians.\

See Also​

Acos, Asin, Atan, Cos, Degrees, Sin, Tan

Rand​

Format​

rand

Beschreibung​

Liefert eine Zufallszahl zwischen 0 und 1 zurück. Die Werteverteilung ist gleichförmig.

Note​

Um Zufallszahlem mit einem anderen Wertebereich zu erzeugen, können die notwendigen Zahlen zum RAND-Ergebnis addiert oder damit multipliziert werden. Um zum Beispiel eine ganzahlige Zufallszahl zwischen 0 und 10 (einschließlich) zu erzeugen, kann int(rand * 10) benutzt werden.

Read​

Format​

read

Beschreibung​

Liest einen Token von der gerade geöffneten Datei ein und gibt ihn zurück. Ein Token ist jegliche Zeichenkette, die mit einem Leerzeichen, einem Tabulator oder dem Zeilenende endet.

Siehe auch​

Open, Close, Write, Reset

Readline​

Format​

readline
readline()
readline(filenumber)

Description​

Reads and returns an entire line from an open file. If the file number is not specified file number zero (0) will be used.

See Also​

Close, Eof, Open, Read, Reset, Write, Writeline, Exists, Seek, Size

Rect​

Format​

rect x,y,b,h

Beschreibung​

Zeichnet ein mit der aktuellen Farbe ausgefülltes Rechteck mit der Höhe h Pixel und der Breite b Pixel. Die obere linke Ecke hat die Koodinaten x,y.

Redim​

Format​

redim numericvariable( integer )
redim stringvariable$( integer )
redim numericvariable( rows , columns )
redim stringvariable$( rows , columns )

Description​

Re-sizes a previously created array, preserving data. If an array is enlarged then the new elements will be initialized with zero or the empty string. If an array is reduced in size the elements trimmed from the end are lost.

See Also​

Dim

New To Version​

0.9.5t

Refresh​

Format​

refresh

Beschreibung​

Aktualisiert das Grafikfenster mit allen Grafikbefehlen, die seit dem vorherigen REFRESH abgesetzt wurden. REFRESH funktioniert nur im FastGraphics-Modus.

Rem​

Format​

rem //Kommentar

Beschreibung​

Steht am Anfang einer Kommentarzeile. Zeilen, die mit REM beginnen, werden bei der Programmausführung ignoriert.

Reset​

Format​

reset

Beschreibung​

Löscht den Inhalt der aktuell geöffneten Datei. Der Inhalt der Datei geht verloren.

Siehe auch​

Open, Read, Close, Write

Rgb​

Format​

rgb(red, green, blue )

Description​

Returns the RGB value of the color made up of the red, green, and blue components. Legal values for red, greem, and blue are 0 to 255.

See Also​

Color, GetColor, Pixel

New To Version​

0.9.5m

Format​

right( string, length)

Description​

Returns a portion of the specified string, starting from the last length characters from the right end of the of the string.

See Also​

Mid, Left

Example​

print right("Hello", 2)

will display

lo

New To Version​

0.9.5b

Say​

Format​

say expression say ( expression )

Description​

Uses the the system Text to Speech (TTS) engine to say the expression. In LINUX the FLite or eSpeak libraries are required. In Windows the current default SAPI voice will be used.

New To Version​

0.9.4

Second​

Format​

second
second()

Description​

Returns the current system clock’s second of the current minute (0-59).

Example​

# display nice date
dim months$(12)
months$ = {"January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"}
print year + "-" + months$[month] + "-" + right("0" + day, 2)
# display pretty time
h = hour
if h > 12 then
h = h - 12
ampm$ = "PM"
else
ampm$ = "AM"
end if
if h = 0 then h = 12
print  right("0" + h, 2) + "-" + right("0" + minute, 2) + "-" + right("0" + second, 2) + " " + ampm$

Will print something like.\

2010-July-15
10-00-02 PM

See Also​

Day, Hour, Minute, Month, Year

New To Version​

0.9.4

Seek​

Format​

seek location
seek ( location )
seek filenumber, location
seek ( filenumber, location )

Description​

Moves the read/write location to a specific location (offset in bytes from the start of the file) within an open file. If the file number is not specified file number zero (0) will be used.

See Also​

Close, Eof, Open, Read, Readline, Reset, Write, Writeline, Exists, Size

New To Version​

0.9.4

Sin​

Format​

sin ( Ausdruck )

Beschreibung​

Berechnet den Sinus von Ausdruck. Ausdruck muss ein Bogenmaß sein.

Note​

Die sin-Funktion liefert kein besonders genaues Ergebnis.

Siehe auch​

Cos, Tan

Beispiel​

’ ’ s = sin( 2*PI*deg/360)’ ’

Size​

Format​

size
size()
size(filenumber)

Description​

Returns the length, in bytes, of an opened file. If the file number is not specified file number zero (0) will be used.

See Also​

Close, Eof, Open, Read, Readline, Reset, Write, Writeline, Exists, Seek

New To Version​

0.9.4

Sound​

Format​

sound frequency, duration
sound ( frequency, duration )
sound ( array )
sound array
sound {frequency1, duration1, frequency2, duration2, …}

Description​

Play a sound from the computer’s speakers.Frequency is expressed in Hz and duration is expressed in milliseconds (1000 in a second). An array or list containing frequency and durations may also be passed. This eliminates any clicking between sounds when more than one is being output sequentially. Sound support for LINUX systems was added in version 0.9.5g. Sound was changed to use the default sound device in Windows in version 0.9.5h

See Also​

Volume

Spritecollide​

Format​

spritecollide ( sprite1, sprite2)

Description​

Function returns true if the two sprites are colliding. The Spritecollide function assumes that the sprites are bounded by a rectangle the size of the loaded image. Collision is calculated by using these rectangles. For round or oddly shaped sprites this function may over detect collision.

See Also​

Spritedim, Spriteh, Spritehide, Spriteload, Spritemove, Spriteplace, Spriteshow, Spriteslice, Spritev, Spritew, Spritex, Spritey

New To Version​

0.9.6n

Spritedim​

Format​

spritedim n
spritedim ( n )

Description​

Create n sprite placeholders in memory. Sprites are accessed in your program by a sprite number from 0 to n-1.

See Also​

Spritecollide, Spriteh, Spritehide, Spriteload, Spritemove, Spriteplace, Spriteshow, Spriteslice, Spritev, Spritew, Spritex, Spritey

New To Version​

0.9.6n

Spriteh​

Format​

spriteh ( spritenumber )

Description​

Returns the height, in pixels, of a loaded sprite.

See Also​

Spritecollide, Spritedim, Spritehide, Spriteload, Spritemove, Spriteplace, Spriteshow, Spriteslice, Spritev, Spritew, Spritex, Spritey

New To Version​

0.9.6n

Spritehide​

Format​

spritehide spritenumber spritehide ( spritenumber )

Description​

Hides a sprite. All image and position information is retained.

See Also​

Spritecollide, Spritedim, Spriteh, Spriteload, Spritemove, Spriteplace, Spriteshow, Spriteslice, Spritev, Spritew, Spritex, Spritey

New To Version​

0.9.6n

Spriteload​

Format​

spriteload spritenumber, filename
spriteload ( spritenumber, filename )

Description​

Load an image or picture from a file and save it as a sprite. The sprite will be active and movable but will not display on the screen until the Spriteshow statement is executed for that sprite.\The Spriteload statement will read in most common image file formats including: BMP (Windows Bitmap), GIF (Graphic Interchange Format),JPG/JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group), and PNG (Portable Network Graphics).

See Also​

Spritecollide, Spritedim, Spriteh, Spritehide, Spritemove, Spriteplace, Spriteshow, Spriteslice, Spritev, Spritew, Spritex, Spritey

New To Version​

0.9.6n

Spritemove​

Format​

spritemove spritenumber, dx, dy
spritemove ( spritenumber, dx, dy )

Description​

Move a sprite from its current position by the specified number of pixels. Motion will be limited to the current screen.

See Also​

Spritecollide, Spritedim, Spriteh, Spritehide, Spriteload, Spriteplace, Spriteshow, Spriteslice, Spritev, Spritew, Spritex, Spritey

New To Version​

0.9.6n

Spriteplace​

Format​

spriteplace spritenumber, x, y
spriteplace ( spritenumber, x, y )

Description​

Place the center of a sprite at a specific location on the screen. Like Imgload sprite positioning is relative to the center of the sprite and not the top left corner as with most other graphical statements.

See Also​

Spritecollide, Spritedim, Spriteh, Spritehide, Spriteload, Spritemove, Spriteshow, Spriteslice, Spritev, Spritew, Spritex, Spritey

New To Version​

0.9.6n

Spriteshow​

Format​

spriteshow spritenumber
spriteshow ( spritenumber )

Description​

Show a hidden sprite.

See Also​

Spritecollide, Spritedim, Spriteh, Spritehide, Spriteload, Spritemove, Spriteplace, Spriteslice, Spritev, Spritew, Spritex, Spritey

New To Version​

0.9.6n

Spriteslice​

Format​

spriteslice spritenumber, x, y, width, height
spriteslice ( spritenumber, x, y, width, height )

Description​

Copy the rectangular region of the screen with it’s top left corner represented by x and y of the specified height and width and create a sprite. The sprite will be active and movable but will not be visible until the Spriteshow statement is executed. It is recommended that you execute the Clg command before drawing and slicing the sprite. All unpainted pixels will be transparent when the sprite is drawn on the screen. Transparent pixels may also be set by drawing with the color CLEAR.

See Also​

Spritecollide, Spritedim, Spriteh, Spritehide, Spritemove, Spriteplace, Spriteshow, Spritev, Spritew, Spritex, Spritey

New To Version​

0.9.6o

Spritev​

Format​

spritev ( spritenumber )

Description​

Returns true if the sprite is visible.

See Also​

Spritecollide, Spritedim, Spriteh, Spritehide, Spriteload, Spritemove, Spriteplace, Spriteshow, Spriteslice, Spritex, Spritey

New To Version​

0.9.6o

Spritew​

Format​

spritew ( spritenumber )

Description​

Returns the width, in pixels, of a loaded sprite.

See Also​

Spritecollide, Spritedim, Spriteh, Spritehide, Spriteload, Spritemove, Spriteplace, Spriteshow, Spriteslice, Spritev, Spritex, Spritey

New To Version​

0.9.6n

Spritex​

Format​

spritex ( spritenumber )

Description​

Returns the x coordinate of the center of a loaded sprite.

See Also​

Spritecollide, Spritedim, Spriteh, Spritehide, Spriteload, Spritemove, Spriteplace, Spriteshow, Spriteslice, Spritev, Spritew, Spritey

New To Version​

0.9.6n

Spritey​

Format​

spritey ( spritenumber )

Description​

Returns the y coordinate of the center of a loaded sprite.

See Also​

Spritecollide, Spritedim, Spriteh, Spriteload, Spritemove, Spriteplace, Spriteshow, Spriteslice, Spritev, Spritew, Spritex

New To Version​

0.9.6n

Stamp​

Format​

stamp x, y, array
stamp x, y, {x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3 …}
stamp x, y, scale, array
stamp x, y, scale, {x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3 …}
stamp x, y, scale, rotation, array
stamp x, y, scale, rotation, {x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3 …}

Description​

Draws a polygon with top left corner (origin) at x, y. Optionally scales size of polygon by the defined scale (1=normal size). Also optionally rotates the polygon by a specified angle around the origin (clockwise in radians). The sides of the polygon are defined by the values in an array, which should be stored as x,y pairs, sequentially. The length of the array/2 will define the number of points. A stamped polygon can also be specified using a list of x,y pairs enclosed in curly braces {}.

See Also​

Poly

Example​

Both of the code blocks below will draw a pair of green triangles on the graphics window:

clg
color blue
rect 0,0,500,500
color green
dim tri(6)
tri = {0, 0, 200, 200, 0, 200}
# stamp the triangle at 100,100 (full size)
stamp 100, 100, tri
# stamp the triangle at 350,100 (half size)
stamp 350, 100, .5, tri

clg
color blue
rect 0,0,500,500
color green
# stamp the triangle at 100,100 (full size)
stamp 100, 100, {0, 0, 200, 200, 0, 200}
# stamp the triangle at 350,100 (half size)
stamp 350, 100, .5, {0, 0, 200, 200, 0, 200}

Both programs will draw:
stamp.png

New To Version​

0.9.4

String​

Format​

string ( Ausdruck )

Beschreibung​

Liefert die Zahl Ausdruck als Zeichenkette zurück.

Beispiel​

’ ’ s$ = string(12*13) rem s$ ist “156”’ ’

System​

Format​

system expression
system ( expression )

Description​

Execute a system command in a terminal window. WARNING: This can be a very dangerous statement. Only use it if you know what you are doing.

New To Version​

0.9.5h

Tan​

Format​

tan ( Ausdruck )

Beschreibung​

Berechnet den Tangens von Ausdruck. Ausdruck muss ein Bogenmaß sein.

Note​

Die tan()-Funktion liefert kein besonders genaues Ergebnis.

Siehe auch​

Sin, Cos

Beispiel​

’ ’ t = tan( 2*PI*deg/360 )’ ’

Text​

Format​

text x, y, string
text ( x, y, string )

Description​

Paints a text string on the Graphics Output Window at x, y using the current color and font.

Example​

color grey
rect 0,0,graphwidth,graphheight
color red
font "Times New Roman",18,50
text 10,100,"This is Times New Roman"
color darkgreen
font "Tahoma",28,100
text 10,200,"This is BOLD!"

Will draw.
fonttext.png

See Also​

Color, Font

New To Version​

0.9.4

Upper​

Format​

upper ( string )

Beschreibung​

Wandelt die Buchstaben eines string in Großbuchstaben um.

Siehe auch​

Lower

Beispiel​

print upper("BlaU!")

Ausgabe

BLAU!

Neu ab Version​

0.9.5e

Volume​

Format​

volume level
volume ( level )

Description​

Adjust the volume of the notes played with the Sound command. Volume levels must be numeric values from 0 to 10. The default volume is 5.

See Also​

Sound

New To Version​

0.9.5i

WAVplay​

Format​

wavplay filename
wavplay ( filename )

Description​

Play WAV audio file asynchronously (in the background).

See Also​

WAVstop WAVwait

New To Version​

0.9.4

WAVstop​

Format​

wavstop

Description​

Stop playing the current asynchronous (background) WAV audio file.

See Also​

WAVplay WAVwait

New To Version​

0.9.4

While / End While​

Format​

while booleanexpression
statement(s)
end while

Description​

Execute the statement(s) inside the while loop until the booleanexpression evaluates to false. While / End While executes the statements zero or more times. The test is done before the code in the loop is executed.

See Also​

Do / Until, For / Next

Example​

r = 1
while r < 6
  print r
  r = r + 1
end while

will display

1
2
3
4
5

New To Version​

0.9.4g

Write​

Format​

write Zeichenkette

Beschreibung​

Schreibt die Zeichenkette an das Ende der aktuell geöffneten Datei.

Siehe auch​

Open, Read, Close, Reset## Writeline

Format​

writeline string
writeline ( string )
writeline filenumber, string
writeline ( filenumber, string )

Description​

Writes string append with a newline character to the end of an open file. If the file number is not specified file number zero (0) will be used.

See Also​

Close, Eof, Open, Read, Readline, Reset, Write, Exists, Seek, Size

New To Version​

0.9.4

Year​

Format​

year
year ( )

Description​

Returns the current system clock’s 4 digit year.

See Also​

Day, Hour, Minute, Month, Second

Example​

print "today's date is ";
print (month + 1) + "/" + day + "/" + year

will display

today's date is 11/30/2009

New To Version​

0.9.4